Sialolito gigante do ducto da glândula submandibular: relato de caso / Giant sialolith of submandibular gland duct: case report

Introdução: A sialolitíase é um distúrbio da glândula salivar que afeta 12 em cada 1.000 indivíduos adultos. É caracterizada pela deposição de minerais dentro de seu ducto ou parênquima, sendo a glândula submandibular a mais afetada. Os sialolitos têm tamanhos variados, quando maiores que 15 mm são raros e relatados como sialolitos gigantes. Sialolitos gigantes dentro do parênquima glandular ou porção proximal do ducto são geralmente tratados de forma invasiva por via extraoral com excisão da glândula associada. Relato de caso: Este estudo relata um caso incomum de um paciente diagnosticado com sialolito salivar gigante localizado na porção proximal de um ducto da glândula submandibular, assintomática, tratado por remoção cirúrgica por via intraoral, minimizando riscos potenciais e obtendo sucesso no tratamento. Considerações finais: Mesmo sialolitos localizados em regiões mais profundas do ducto submandibular, o acesso intraoral pode ser uma alternativa viável e de menor risco... (AU)

Introduction: Sialolithiasis is a disorder of the salivary gland that affects 12 out of 1,000 adult individuals. It is characterized by the deposition of minerals within its duct or parenchyma, with the submandibular gland being the most affected. Sialolites have varying sizes, when larger than 15 mm they are rare and reported as giant sialolites. Giant sialoliths within the glandular parenchyma or proximal portion of the duct are usually treated invasively by the extraoral route with excision of the associated gland. Case report: This study reports an unusual case of a patient diagnosed with giant salivary sialolith located in the proximal portion of a submandibular gland duct, asymptomatic, treated by intraoral surgical removal, minimizing potential risks and achieving treatment success. Final considerations: Even sialoliths located in deeper regions of the submandibular duct, intraoral access can be a viable and less risky alternative... (AU)

Inheritance pattern of molar-incisor hypomineralization

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the segregation patterns of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in families, given the evidence that its etiology is influenced by genetics. Clinically, MIH may be detected in parents and/or siblings of MIH-affected children. Our study included children with at least one first permanent molar affected by MIH (proband) and their first-degree relatives (parents and siblings). The participants were examined clinically to detect MIH, according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria (2003). A total of 101 nuclear families (391 individuals) were studied. Proband diagnosis was followed by MIH classification of the subject, his parents and siblings, as affected, unaffected, or unknown. Segregation analysis was performed using the multivariate logistic regression model of the Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology package, and segregation models (general transmission, environmental, major gene, dominant, codominant and recessive models). The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate the most parsimonious model. In all, 130 affected individuals, 165 unaffected individuals, and 96 unknown individuals were studied. Severe MIH was found in 50.7% of the cases. A segregation analysis performed for MIH revealed the following different models: environmental and dominance (p = 0.05), major gene (p = 0.04), codominant (p = 0.15) and recessive models (p = 0.03). According to the AIC values, the codominant model was the most parsimonious (AIC = 308.36). Our results suggest that the codominant model could be the most likely for inheriting MIH. This result strengthens the evidence that genetic factors, such as multifactorial complex defect, influence MIH.